sed: Extended Commands
3.7 Commands Specific to GNU 'sed'
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These commands are specific to GNU 'sed', so you must use them with care
and only when you are sure that hindering portability is not evil. They
allow you to check for GNU 'sed' extensions or to do tasks that are
required quite often, yet are unsupported by standard 'sed's.
'e [COMMAND]'
This command allows one to pipe input from a shell command into
pattern space. Without parameters, the 'e' command executes the
command that is found in pattern space and replaces the pattern
space with the output; a trailing newline is suppressed.
If a parameter is specified, instead, the 'e' command interprets it
as a command and sends its output to the output stream. The
command can run across multiple lines, all but the last ending with
a back-slash.
In both cases, the results are undefined if the command to be
executed contains a NUL character.
Note that, unlike the 'r' command, the output of the command will
be printed immediately; the 'r' command instead delays the output
to the end of the current cycle.
'F'
Print out the file name of the current input file (with a trailing
newline).
'Q [EXIT-CODE]'
This command accepts only one address.
This command is the same as 'q', but will not print the contents of
pattern space. Like 'q', it provides the ability to return an exit
code to the caller.
This command can be useful because the only alternative ways to
accomplish this apparently trivial function are to use the '-n'
option (which can unnecessarily complicate your script) or
resorting to the following snippet, which wastes time by reading
the whole file without any visible effect:
:eat
$d Quit silently on the last line
N Read another line, silently
g Overwrite pattern space each time to save memory
b eat
'R FILENAME'
Queue a line of FILENAME to be read and inserted into the output
stream at the end of the current cycle, or when the next input line
is read. Note that if FILENAME cannot be read, or if its end is
reached, no line is appended, without any error indication.
As with the 'r' command, the special value '/dev/stdin' is
supported for the file name, which reads a line from the standard
input.
'T LABEL'
Branch to LABEL only if there have been no successful
's'ubstitutions since the last input line was read or conditional
branch was taken. The LABEL may be omitted, in which case the next
cycle is started.
'v VERSION'
This command does nothing, but makes 'sed' fail if GNU 'sed'
extensions are not supported, simply because other versions of
'sed' do not implement it. In addition, you can specify the
version of 'sed' that your script requires, such as '4.0.5'. The
default is '4.0' because that is the first version that implemented
this command.
This command enables all GNU extensions even if 'POSIXLY_CORRECT'
is set in the environment.
'W FILENAME'
Write to the given filename the portion of the pattern space up to
the first newline. Everything said under the 'w' command about
file handling holds here too.
'z'
This command empties the content of pattern space. It is usually
the same as 's/.*//', but is more efficient and works in the
presence of invalid multibyte sequences in the input stream. POSIX
mandates that such sequences are _not_ matched by '.', so that
there is no portable way to clear 'sed''s buffers in the middle of
the script in most multibyte locales (including UTF-8 locales).